![]() When two gases are mixed, the molecules of the gases intermix to achieve more randomness. The process of vaporisation produces an increase in randomness in the distribution of molecules, hence an increase in entropy. For example, when a solid changes to a liquid, an increase in entropy takes place, because with the breaking of the orderly arrangement of the molecules in the crystal to the less orderly liquid state, the randomness increases. Conversely, if the change is one in which there is an increase in orderliness, there is a decrease in entropy. Physical significance: Entropy has been regarded as a measure of disorder or randomness of a system. Thus when a system goes from a more orderly to less orderly state, there is an increase in its randomness and hence entropy of the system increases. It is an exothermic reaction, therefore, favours the process, but randomness factor opposes the reaction.Īs the reaction takes place, the energy factor must be greater than the randomness factor. (b) The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to form water. Since the process is known to take place, randomness factor must be greater than energy factor. Evaporation of water is endothermic, therefore, energy factor opposes the process. When the two tendencies act in the opposite direction, the tendency with the greater magnitude determines whether the process is feasible or not. (iii) the driving force is the resultant of the magnitude of the two tendencies. (ii) the two tendencies may work in the same direction or opposite direction in a process and ![]() (i) the two tendencies act independent of each other, ![]() The overall tendency of a process to take place by itself is called the driving force. (ii) the tendency to acquire a state of maximum randomness or disorder. (i) the tendency to acquire a state of minimum energy, and The overall tendency of a process to occur can be expressed on the resultant of two tendencies namely:
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